Participants
Its imply decades is M = thirty two.7; SD = , many years varied off 18 to help you 69 decades. Most of the professionals volunteered to engage in the study on advised agree, and additionally they didn’t discover payment (financial if not) due to their contribution. All experiments demonstrated on paper was in fact authorized by the Stability Panel of one’s Jagiellonian School Institute of Used Mindset
Content and Procedure
We used a similarity wisdom task such within the Vigliocco et al. (2005), and therefore contained presenting professionals with triads of nouns. The nouns creating new triads belonged to a single out-of three kinds: abstract nouns (age.g., design, time), conditions making reference to inanimate stuff and you will words talking about dogs. Per triad contained nouns from a single class, i.age., animals weren’t combined with inanimate items and you may/otherwise conceptual info. The entire selection of stimulus is displayed from inside the Appendix 2.
Each triad contains a few nouns of the identical grammatical gender (several feminine or two male) and something noun of some other grammatical intercourse. Because of this for every single triad got possibly the new MMF build (a couple male conditions and another feminine keyword) or FFM framework (two women terms and something masculine word) – inside randomized buy. The fresh new nouns forming brand new triad belonged to a single out of about three kinds: 16 conceptual nouns, such as: big date (Meters in Gloss), means (F during the Polish); 16 inanimate stuff, such: secret (M), needle (F); several terminology speaking about dogs, like: bison (M), zebra (F). As can become listed, i utilized a lot fewer dogs (12). This resulted on proven fact that i accompanied tight selection requirements. First and foremost, these people were creature names having a specific grammatical intercourse, but of them which do not suggest the brand new physical gender of the creature, and so the exact same keyword describes both the male and you may ladies of your own particular creature. For example the terms and conditions lew (lion) and you may lwica (lioness) could be eliminated, as they obviously indicate the brand new animal’s physical sex, limiting the fresh stimulus to help you words instance zyrafa (which means one another a female and male giraffe). Secondly, i picked pets that do not possess unique keeps which will feel a definite criterion for selecting one or two things for the a great triad (elizabeth.grams., in the event the a couple of dogs originated Africa and something on the Cold Circle, then your host to source can potentially getting a good traditional getting categorization). Furthermore, if there have been one or two animals plus one reptile on the triad, then this could end up being the criterion preference. Therefore we chose animals and this all belonged on the category of exotic also-toed ungulates. The choice requirement is the latest similarity in features, behavior therefore the environment of pets. With other sorts of nouns, we used an equivalent laws. As such, we averted activities where a couple of belongings in a beneficial triad would have an obvious popular element, which is utilized given that a great categorization standard. Several other introduction specifications is highest word use regularity, in order to avoid a very thoughtful study of meaning of conditions which could result having unknown nouns, that can end in a conscious use of grammatical intercourse whenever conducting work (like I’m not sure the fresh new meanings of your terms and conditions however they are both feminine).
We made use of counterbalancing to help you make sure that additional keyword combos could well be utilized. Triads was created playing with all the you can easily around three-noun combinations (with repetitions) in this for every single category, yielding 153 triads to have conceptual nouns and you can items each, and you will 91 triads having dogs. Out-of these readily available triads, i authored 7 sets for the conceptual terminology and you may artifacts (64 triads for every) and you will 4 kits getting pet (45 triads for every). In case there is animals there are fewer sets of triads, since the less conditions enacted this new tight choices processes demonstrated over (6 masculine sex terms and conditions and you can six feminine gender conditions).